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civilian interventions regarding, 17n30; Civil Affairs Division (CAD), of War De- Rosen on military change by maverick partment, 64 of9 cers and, 17 Civil Affairs Doctrine (1943), 59 Casey, William, 173 74, 182 Civil Affairs Training Program (CATP), 59, Cassidy, Robert C., 73, 77, 83 61 casualties: aversion to, in PPD-25, 84; fear civilian agencies, U.S.: cited in FM 100-23 of, peacekeeping operations and, 91, (Peace Operations), 141; CORM on 92 93; minimization in Vietnam with MOOTW and, 87; Emerald Express heavy 9 repower, 74 75; Powell Doctrine (civil-military exercise) and, 168 69; JP on avoidance of, 78; 2-MTW strategy on, 3-08 (on interagency operations) and, 85; during U.S. Civil War, 34; Vietmalia 137 38; JP 3-08 on responsibility and ca- syndrome as aversion to, 90 pability of, 169 70; lack of capacity and Cavalry Drill Regulations (1914), 39, 43 44 capability issues for S&R of, 166 67; Center for Army Doctrine Development, lack of learning culture in, stabilizing 151 complex cultures and, 161; lack of per- Center for Army Lessons Learned (CALL): sonnel to participate in military exer- adaptations in 1990s to process facili- cises, 172; Marines and Army in Somalia tated by, 123; bottom-up experiential operation reach out to, 168; military s learning leveraged at, 97; combat train- learning system and, 188; vetting lan- ing centers and, 195; on Company- guage of FM 3-07, 172 73. See also inter- Command.com, 124n; data collection, agency analysis, and dissemination by, 105 7; Civilian Operations Revolutionary Devel- expansion from training to real-life op- opment Support (CORDS), during Viet- erations, 104 5; exposure to MOOTW nam War, 167 68 through, 199; impetus for, 102 4; JRTC civilians in the battle9 eld (COBs), JRTC development and, 113; lessons learned training using, 117, 120 230 " Index civil transportation, U.S. Army vs. Marine combined arms assessment teams Corps on reconstruction of, 52. See also (CAATs): data collection workshops for, infrastructure 106 7; formation of and mission for, Civil War, U.S., U.S. Army and rebel insur- 105 6 gents during, 32 34 Combined Arms Center blog, 183 Clark, Wesley, 103, 113 Command and General Staff College, Clarke, Walter, 121 Army: professional military education at, Clausewitz, Carl von, 9, 24, 29 154; resistance to change educational clear, hold, and build strategy, for Iraq, curricula of, 97 98; Small Wars Manual 171, 173, 174 75 written for, 50 Clinton, Bill, and administration: expand- Command and Staff College, Quantico, ing U.S. role in UN peacekeeping and, Va., 154 81 82; issues impeding promotion of Commerce, U.S. Department of, 166 peace operations by, 83; on military re- Commission on Roles and Missions ductions in 1992, 68; National Security (CORM), 86 Strategy (NSS) on 2-MTW, 85 86; on communities of practice (CoPs): genera- peacekeeping role of U.S. military, tional learning and, 25; of9 cer commis- 80 81; PKI importance during, 149; sioning class of 1995 and, 202; in orga- Presidential Decision Directive-25 (PDD- nizational learning theory, 25 26; 25) of, 141 technology-enabled, 124 26; use for Coalitional Provisional Authority (CPA), Surge in Iraq, 183 Iraq, 165. See also Bremer, Paul CompanyCommand.com/Company Coast Guard, U.S., posse comitatus and, 36 Command.mil, 124, 125 26, 125n, 183, Cold War: attitudes during and lessons of 198 Vietnam, 73 77; breakdown in cultural Congress, U.S., readiness concerns of late resistance to MOOTW after, 191 92; dis- 1990s of, 89 90 mantling Berlin Wall and, 67; MOOTW contractors, as civilian agency actors in doctrine available at end of, 134 38; of- Iraq, 172 fensive operations during, 72n. See also Corps of Engineers, U.S., U.S. Military new world order; post Cold War bureau- Academy graduates and, 29 cratic politics model counterinsurgency (COIN): AirLand Bat- collection teams: CALL system and, 105; tle Doctrine and, 114; as clear, hold, and four-block war learning system and, 186 build strategy in Iraq under Casey, 173, collective learning: consensus for organiza- 174; counterterrorism vs., 204; de9 ni- tional learning and, 25 26; generational tion of, 4, 203; institutional processes learning and, 24 25. See also military hindering teaching lessons learned learning from, 65; Light Infantry and Special Combat Instructions, two editions for Ameri- Forces for, 116; PME relevance for insti- can Expeditionary Force of, 55 tutional learning on, 156 57; PPD-25 Combat Maneuver Training Center on, 85; understanding of during Surge (CMTC), 116, 119 20, 196, 201 2 in Iraq, 181 82; U.S. Army s big-war par- Combat Training Center Program, 97 adigm and, 74. See also FM 3-24; irregu- combat training centers (CTCs): data col- lar warfare; military operations other lection by, 106 7; development and than war; stability operations characteristics of, 99 100; doctrine-writ- Counterinsurgency (FM 3-24, 2006), 138, ing in the 1990s and, 133 34; experien- 152 53, 177 79, 183 tial to organizational learning in, Counterinsurgency Academy, Taji, Iraq, 110 12; exposure to MOOTW through 182 training scenarios at, 199; learning Counterinsurgency Guidance (Odierno through doing at, 195 96; transforma- letter), 179, 183, 184 tion of Army s training programs and, Counterinsurgency Operations (FMI 3-07.22), 126. See also Center for Army Lessons 152 Learned Counterinsurgency Reader, 183 Index " 231 counterterrorism (CT), 203 4 opment of for the new world order, Craig, Edward, 47 138 47, 138; education, the training Crane, Conrad, 152 revolution and, 195 200; and education Crocker, Ryan C., 7 for operations other than war, 129; CSC. See Command and Staff College Emerald Express ideas prematurely fed CTC. See combat training centers into, 169; FM 3-0 (Operations) on, CTC Quarterly Bulletin, 107, 108 129 30; formal and informal, for Surge Cuba: coping and adapting after Spanish- in Iraq, 183; model for development of, American War in, 38 41; lessons from 130 31; on MOOTW and peace opera- the Philippines applied to, 42 45; Ma- tions, 1990s writing of, 132 34; PKI rine Corps view of Army operations in, and next generation of, 148 52; 47 Sullivan s top-down revision to, 131 32; Cuban Liberation Army, 42 top-down, traditional development of, cultural awareness, enhanced, for Surge in 157 Iraq, 183 84 Dodge, Toby, 178 79 cultural resistance to change, during Dominican Republic: lessons from Haiti peacetime vs. wartime, 158. See also orga- applied to Marine Corps in, 47 48; nizational culture Marine Corps paci9 cation duties in Cummings, Henry, 60 (1914 1934), 45; Marine Corps tactics, techniques, and politics in, 46; military Davidson, Janine, 188n training center in, 49; political con- Dayton Peace Accords, 92, 120 straints on Marines in, 51 Defense, U.S. Department of: assistant sec- Downie, Richard D., 14, 19, 76n retary of defense for special operations Drug Enforcement Agency, 36 and low-intensity con: ict and integrat- drug war: posse comitatus and, 36; in ing capabilities (ASD for SOLIC/IC), Western Hemisphere, Joulwan and, 206; on counterinsurgency, 203; on 140 counterterrorism, 203; on foreign inter- Dumas, Wess, 109n nal defense and internal defense and de-
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